VOO vs QQQ: Comparison by an Expert

VOO and QQQ are two of the most popular ETFs in the market. Given their popularity, many people compare VOO vs QQQ and/or ask which fund is a better investment.

My answer to these types of questions is that VOO and QQQ are very different and not necessarily comparable. So rather than write a long post about similarities and differences between VOO and QQQ, I’ll provide a framework for thinking about VOO vs QQQ.

My goal here at ThoughtfulFinance.com is to educate investors and that sometimes includes not answering the exact question that was asked, reframing questions, or providing a different type of answer. As always though, a quick reminder that this site does NOT provide investment recommendations. Fund comparisons (such as this one) are not conducted to identify the “best” fund (since that will vary from investor to investor based on investor-specific factors).

Types of Investors

There are a few reasons that someone might want to know whether VOO or QQQ is a better investment and I think it has a lot to do with who they are. Different types of investors have varying levels of knowledge, differing goals, and so on.

New Investors

Even though VOO and QQQ are not necessarily comparable, individual investors may not necessarily understand that the funds are different or what differences really matter. New investors may want to just skip to the bottom of this post.

Average Investors

Some investors may understand that VOO and QQQ are quite different, but may be interested in selecting the one that they believe will perform the best. My response to these investors is that portfolio construction should be based on a target asset allocation (based on risk tolerance, time horizon, liquidity needs, and so on). Once an allocation is selected, then investors can select the best vehicle for each slice of the portfolio allocation. If an investor decides on an asset allocation before selecting investments (as they should!), then the question of VOO vs QQQ will never come up since they fill different roles in a portfolio.

Day Traders

There are some people who think that they can trade in and out of VOO, QQQ, and other investments profitably. To those people, I’d say the research, evidence, and odds are stacked against you but good luck!

VOO vs QQQ: Holdings & Exposures

VOO and QQQ are not comparable because their underlying holdings are so different. An investor’s preference for VOO or QQQ will depend on its role in the portfolio.

Both funds primarily hold stocks, but the composition and exposures of their holdings is very different. Although both VOO and QQQ are large-cap funds, QQQ is much more concentrated in terms of number of companies (100 vs 500) and sectors. This sector concentration results in higher risk, which has resulted in much higher volatility and returns (relative to VOO).

Given the above, I believe any investor can use VOO as a core (or even only) portfolio holding. However, I would never recommend that for QQQ. At best, it could be a satellite or complementary position. Interested readers may want to read my review of VOO.

VOO vs QQQ: Performance, Expenses, & Risk

I could compare VOO and QQQ’s historical performance, expense ratios, tax-efficiency, and so on as many sites do. However, these details are only important points of comparison if the funds are comparable, so this post doesn’t include a bunch of meaningless data. Those who are still interested can check out ETF.com’s comparison tool.

Historical Performance

Since VOO and QQQ have very different holdings and exposures, comparing historical performance is meaningless. One fund will outperform over certain time periods and the other will outperform over other time periods. I am not going to delve into a performance comparison and attribution, since we already know that the funds are very different. Readers who really want this information can check out tools like Morningstar.com.

Expenses

Again, any performance difference caused by the expense ratios of VOO and QQQ will be dwarfed by larger differences like holdings, exposures, risk factors, etc. Expenses are very important when all else is equal, but VOO and QQQ are not equal at all!

Risk & Volatility

The two funds are very different, but I will comment on risk and volatility since it informs my view on how these funds should be used.

QQQ is riskier than VOO, measured by both realized volatility and drawdowns. This is because QQQ is more concentrated and less diversified. This is true both for realized volatility (see below) and maximum drawdowns. QQQ does not always underperform during market stress, but the lack of diversification leaves it vulnerable (such as the dot com crash when it lost over 80% of its value).

QQQ has persistently higher volatility than VOO.

ETF Benefits

Both VOO and QQQ are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which do have some advantages for investors.

Tax Efficiency

ETFs are typically more tax-efficient than mutual funds, due to their ability to avoid realizing capital gains through like-kind redemptions (a process that is beyond the scope of this post). Thus, these funds are about as tax-efficient as any fund can be and either fund is appropriate in taxable accounts.

Tradability

ETFs are free to trade on many platforms and investors should have no problem trading VOO or QQQ, which are large and liquid.

Alternative Vehicles

Investors limited to mutual funds should have no problem finding a mutual fund version of VOO or a mutual fund version of QQQ.

Investors planning to allocate more than $250,000 may consider direct indexing rather than an ETF or mutual fund, especially if they are in a high tax bracket. Any institutional direct indexer should be able to replicate VOO or QQQ easily.

What Would I Do: VOO or QQQ?

In my opinion, VOO is an appropriate core holding for most portfolios, while QQQ is not. However, I think QQQ could potentially be a satellite holding for some investors.

IVV vs QQQ: Very Different Tools

IVV and QQQ are two of the most popular ETFs in the market. Given their popularity, many people compare IVV vs QQQ and/or ask which fund is a better investment.

My answer to these types of questions is that IVV and QQQ are very different and not necessarily comparable. So rather than write a long post about similarities and differences between IVV and QQQ, I’ll provide a framework for thinking about IVV vs QQQ.

My goal here at ThoughtfulFinance.com is to educate investors and that sometimes includes not answering the exact question that was asked, reframing questions, or providing a different type of answer. As always though, a quick reminder that this site does NOT provide investment recommendations. Fund comparisons (such as this one) are not conducted to identify the “best” fund (since that will vary from investor to investor based on investor-specific factors).

Types of Investors

There are a few reasons that someone might want to know whether IVV or QQQ is a better investment and I think it has a lot to do with who they are. Different types of investors have varying levels of knowledge, differing goals, and so on.

New Investors

Even though IVV and QQQ are not necessarily comparable, individual investors may not necessarily understand that the funds are different or what differences really matter. New investors may want to just skip to the bottom of this post.

Average Investors

Some investors may understand that IVV and QQQ are quite different, but may be interested in selecting the one that they believe will perform the best. My response to these investors is that portfolio construction should be based on a target asset allocation (based on risk tolerance, time horizon, liquidity needs, and so on). Once an allocation is selected, then investors can select the best vehicle for each slice of the portfolio allocation. If an investor decides on an asset allocation before selecting investments (as they should!), then the question of IVV vs QQQ will never come up since they fill different roles in a portfolio.

Day Traders

There are some people who think that they can trade in and out of IVV, QQQ, and other investments profitably. To those people, I’d say the research, evidence, and odds are stacked against you but good luck!

IVV vs QQQ: Holdings & Exposures

IVV and QQQ are not comparable because their underlying holdings are so different. An investor’s preference for IVV or QQQ will depend on its role in the portfolio.

Both funds primarily hold stocks, but the composition and exposures of their holdings is very different. Although both IVV and QQQ are large-cap funds, QQQ is much more concentrated in terms of number of companies (100 vs 500) and sectors. This sector concentration results in higher risk, which has resulted in much higher volatility and returns (relative to IVV).

Given the above, I believe any investor can use IVV as a core (or even only) portfolio holding. However, I would never recommend that for QQQ. At best, it could be a satellite or complementary position.

IVV vs QQQ: Performance, Expenses, & Risk

I could compare IVV and QQQ’s historical performance, expense ratios, tax-efficiency, and so on as many sites do. However, these details are only important points of comparison if the funds are comparable, so this post doesn’t include a bunch of meaningless data. Those who are still interested can check out ETF.com’s comparison tool.

Historical Performance

Since IVV and QQQ have very different holdings and exposures, comparing historical performance is meaningless. One fund will outperform over certain time periods and the other will outperform over other time periods. I am not going to delve into a performance comparison and attribution, since we already know that the funds are very different. Readers who really want this information can check out tools like Morningstar.com.

Expenses

Again, any performance difference caused by the expense ratios of IVV and QQQ will be dwarfed by larger differences like holdings, exposures, risk factors, etc. Expenses are very important when all else is equal, but IVV and QQQ are not equal at all!

Risk & Volatility

The two funds are very different, but I will comment on risk and volatility since it informs my view on how these funds should be used.

QQQ is riskier than IVV, measured by both realized volatility and drawdowns. This is because QQQ is more concentrated and less diversified. This is true both for realized volatility (see below) and maximum drawdowns. QQQ does not always underperform during market stress, but the lack of diversification leaves it vulnerable (such as the dot com crash when it lost over 80% of its value).

QQQ has persistently higher volatility than IVV.

ETF Benefits

Both IVV and QQQ are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which do have some advantages for investors.

Tax Efficiency

ETFs are typically more tax-efficient than mutual funds, due to their ability to avoid realizing capital gains through like-kind redemptions (a process that is beyond the scope of this post). Thus, these funds are about as tax-efficient as any fund can be and either fund is appropriate in taxable accounts.

Tradability

ETFs are free to trade on many platforms and investors should have no problem trading IVV or QQQ, which are large and liquid.

Alternative Vehicles

Investors limited to mutual funds should have no problem finding a mutual fund version of IVV or a mutual fund version of QQQ.

Investors planning to allocate more than $250,000 may consider direct indexing rather than an ETF or mutual fund, especially if they are in a high tax bracket. Any institutional direct indexer should be able to replicate IVV or QQQ easily.

What Would I Do: IVV or QQQ?

In my opinion, IVV is an appropriate core holding for most portfolios, while QQQ is not. However, I think QQQ could potentially be a satellite holding for some investors.

SPY vs QQQ: An Expert’s Opinion

SPY and QQQ are two of the most popular ETFs in the market. Given their popularity, many people compare SPY vs QQQ and/or ask which fund is a better investment.

My answer to these types of questions is that SPY and QQQ are very different and not necessarily comparable. So rather than write a long post about similarities and differences between SPY and QQQ, I’ll provide a framework for thinking about SPY vs QQQ.

My goal here at ThoughtfulFinance.com is to educate investors and that sometimes includes not answering the exact question that was asked, reframing questions, or providing a different type of answer. As always though, a quick reminder that this site does NOT provide investment recommendations. Fund comparisons (such as this one) are not conducted to identify the “best” fund (since that will vary from investor to investor based on investor-specific factors).

Types of Investors

There are a few reasons that someone might want to know whether SPY or QQQ is a better investment and I think it has a lot to do with who they are. Different types of investors have varying levels of knowledge, differing goals, and so on.

New Investors

Even though SPY and QQQ are not necessarily comparable, individual investors may not necessarily understand that the funds are different or what differences really matter. New investors may want to just skip to the bottom of this post.

Average Investors

Some investors may understand that SPY and QQQ are quite different, but may be interested in selecting the one that they believe will perform the best. My response to these investors is that portfolio construction should be based on a target asset allocation (based on risk tolerance, time horizon, liquidity needs, and so on). Once an allocation is selected, then investors can select the best vehicle for each slice of the portfolio allocation. If an investor decides on an asset allocation before selecting investments (as they should!), then the question of SPY vs QQQ will never come up since they fill different roles in a portfolio.

Day Traders

There are some people who think that they can trade in and out of SPY, QQQ, and other investments profitably. To those people, I’d say the research, evidence, and odds are stacked against you but good luck!

SPY vs QQQ: Holdings & Exposures

SPY and QQQ are not comparable because their underlying holdings are so different. An investor’s preference for SPY or QQQ will depend on its role in the portfolio.

Both funds primarily hold stocks, but the composition and exposures of their holdings is very different. Although both SPY and QQQ are large-cap funds, QQQ is much more concentrated in terms of number of companies (100 vs 500) and sectors. This sector concentration results in higher risk, which has resulted in much higher volatility and returns (relative to SPY).

Given the above, I believe any investor can use SPY as a core (or even only) portfolio holding. However, I would never recommend that for QQQ. At best, it could be a satellite or complementary position.

SPY vs QQQ: Performance, Expenses, & Risk

I could compare SPY and QQQ’s historical performance, expense ratios, tax-efficiency, and so on as many sites do. However, these details are only important points of comparison if the funds are comparable, so this post doesn’t include a bunch of meaningless data. Those who are still interested can check out ETF.com’s comparison tool.

Historical Performance

Since SPY and QQQ have very different holdings and exposures, comparing historical performance is meaningless. One fund will outperform over certain time periods and the other will outperform over other time periods. I am not going to delve into a performance comparison and attribution, since we already know that the funds are very different. Readers who really want this information can check out tools like Morningstar.com.

Expenses

Again, any performance difference caused by the expense ratios of SPY and QQQ will be dwarfed by larger differences like holdings, exposures, risk factors, etc. Expenses are very important when all else is equal, but SPY and QQQ are not equal at all!

Risk & Volatility

The two funds are very different, but I will comment on risk and volatility since it informs my view on how these funds should be used.

QQQ is riskier than SPY, measured by both realized volatility and drawdowns. This is because QQQ is more concentrated and less diversified. This is true both for realized volatility (see below) and maximum drawdowns. QQQ does not always underperform during market stress, but the lack of diversification leaves it vulnerable (such as the dot com crash when it lost over 80% of its value).

QQQ has persistently higher volatility than SPY.

ETF Benefits

Both SPY and QQQ are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which do have some advantages for investors.

Tax Efficiency

ETFs are typically more tax-efficient than mutual funds, due to their ability to avoid realizing capital gains through like-kind redemptions (a process that is beyond the scope of this post). Thus, these funds are about as tax-efficient as any fund can be and either fund is appropriate in taxable accounts.

Tradability

ETFs are free to trade on many platforms and investors should have no problem trading SPY or QQQ, which are large and liquid.

Alternative Vehicles

Investors limited to mutual funds should have no problem finding a mutual fund version of SPY or a mutual fund version of QQQ.

Investors planning to allocate more than $250,000 may consider direct indexing rather than an ETF or mutual fund, especially if they are in a high tax bracket. Any institutional direct indexer should be able to replicate SPY or QQQ easily.

What Would I Do: SPY or QQQ?

In my opinion, SPY is an appropriate core holding for most portfolios, while QQQ is not. However, I think QQQ could potentially be a satellite holding for some investors.

SPTM vs QQQ: Very Different ETFs

SPTM and QQQ are two of the most popular ETFs in the market. Given their popularity, many people compare SPTM vs QQQ and/or ask which fund is a better investment.

My answer to these types of questions is that SPTM and QQQ are very different and not necessarily comparable. So rather than write a long post about similarities and differences between SPTM and QQQ, I’ll provide a framework for thinking about SPTM vs QQQ.

My goal here at ThoughtfulFinance.com is to educate investors and that sometimes includes not answering the exact question that was asked, reframing questions, or providing a different type of answer. As always though, a quick reminder that this site does NOT provide investment recommendations. Fund comparisons (such as this one) are not conducted to identify the “best” fund (since that will vary from investor to investor based on investor-specific factors).

Types of Investors

There are a few reasons that someone might want to know whether SPTM or QQQ is a better investment and I think it has a lot to do with who they are. Different types of investors have varying levels of knowledge, differing goals, and so on.

New Investors

Even though SPTM and QQQ are not necessarily comparable, individual investors may not necessarily understand that the funds are different or what differences really matter. New investors may want to just skip to the bottom of this post.

Average Investors

Some investors may understand that SPTM and QQQ are quite different, but may be interested in selecting the one that they believe will perform the best. My response to these investors is that portfolio construction should be based on a target asset allocation (based on risk tolerance, time horizon, liquidity needs, and so on). Once an allocation is selected, then investors can select the best vehicle for each slice of the portfolio allocation. If an investor decides on an asset allocation before selecting investments (as they should!), then the question of SPTM vs QQQ will never come up since they fill different roles in a portfolio.

Day Traders

There are some people who think that they can trade in and out of SPTM, QQQ, and other investments profitably. To those people, I’d say the research, evidence, and odds are stacked against you but good luck!

SPTM vs QQQ: Holdings & Exposures

SPTM and QQQ are not comparable because their underlying holdings are so different. An investor’s preference for SPTM or QQQ will depend on its role in the portfolio.

Both funds primarily hold stocks, but the composition and exposures of their holdings is very different. SPTM is a total market fund, which means that it owns companies of all sizes (although cap-weighted index funds such as SPTM are heavily weighted towards large-caps). QQQ is a large-cap fund that focuses on a narrow set of sectors. This sector concentration results in higher risk, which has resulted in much higher volatility and returns (relative to SPTM).

Given the above, I believe any investor can use SPTM as a core (or even only) portfolio holding. However, I would never recommend that for QQQ. At best, it could be a satellite or complementary position.

SPTM vs QQQ: Performance, Expenses, & Risk

I could compare SPTM and QQQ’s historical performance, expense ratios, tax-efficiency, and so on as many sites do. However, these details are only important points of comparison if the funds are comparable, so this post doesn’t include a bunch of meaningless data. Those who are still interested can check out ETF.com’s comparison tool.

Historical Performance

Since SPTM and QQQ have very different holdings and exposures, comparing historical performance is meaningless. One fund will outperform over certain time periods and the other will outperform over other time periods. I am not going to delve into a performance comparison and attribution, since we already know that the funds are very different. Readers who really want this information can check out tools like Morningstar.com.

Expenses

Again, any performance difference caused by the expense ratios of SPTM and QQQ will be dwarfed by larger differences like holdings, exposures, risk factors, etc. Expenses are very important when all else is equal, but SPTM and QQQ are not equal at all!

Risk & Volatility

The two funds are very different, but I will comment on risk and volatility since it informs my view on how these funds should be used.

QQQ is riskier than SPTM, measured by both realized volatility and drawdowns. This is because QQQ is more concentrated and less diversified. This is true both for realized volatility (see below) and maximum drawdowns. QQQ does not always underperform during market stress, but the lack of diversification leaves it vulnerable (such as the dot com crash when it lost over 80% of its value).

QQQ has persistently higher volatility than SPTM.

ETF Benefits

Both SPTM and QQQ are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which do have some advantages for investors.

Tax Efficiency

ETFs are typically more tax-efficient than mutual funds, due to their ability to avoid realizing capital gains through like-kind redemptions (a process that is beyond the scope of this post). Thus, these funds are about as tax-efficient as any fund can be and either fund is appropriate in taxable accounts.

Tradability

ETFs are free to trade on many platforms and investors should have no problem trading SPTM or QQQ, which are large and liquid.

Alternative Vehicles

Investors limited to mutual funds should have no problem finding a mutual fund version of SPTM or a mutual fund version of QQQ.

Investors planning to allocate more than $250,000 may consider direct indexing rather than an ETF or mutual fund, especially if they are in a high tax bracket. Any institutional direct indexer should be able to replicate SPTM or QQQ easily.

What Would I Do: SPTM or QQQ?

In my opinion, SPTM is an appropriate core holding for most portfolios, while QQQ is not. However, I think QQQ could potentially be a satellite holding for some investors.

SCHB vs QQQ: Not a Good Comparison

SCHB and QQQ are two of the most popular ETFs in the market. Given their popularity, many people compare SCHB vs QQQ and/or ask which fund is a better investment.

My answer to these types of questions is that SCHB and QQQ are very different and not necessarily comparable. So rather than write a long post about similarities and differences between SCHB and QQQ, I’ll provide a framework for thinking about SCHB vs QQQ.

My goal here at ThoughtfulFinance.com is to educate investors and that sometimes includes not answering the exact question that was asked, reframing questions, or providing a different type of answer. As always though, a quick reminder that this site does NOT provide investment recommendations. Fund comparisons (such as this one) are not conducted to identify the “best” fund (since that will vary from investor to investor based on investor-specific factors).

Types of Investors

There are a few reasons that someone might want to know whether SCHB or QQQ is a better investment and I think it has a lot to do with who they are. Different types of investors have varying levels of knowledge, differing goals, and so on.

New Investors

Even though SCHB and QQQ are not necessarily comparable, individual investors may not necessarily understand that the funds are different or what differences really matter. New investors may want to just skip to the bottom of this post.

Average Investors

Some investors may understand that SCHB and QQQ are quite different, but may be interested in selecting the one that they believe will perform the best. My response to these investors is that portfolio construction should be based on a target asset allocation (based on risk tolerance, time horizon, liquidity needs, and so on). Once an allocation is selected, then investors can select the best vehicle for each slice of the portfolio allocation. If an investor decides on an asset allocation before selecting investments (as they should!), then the question of SCHB vs QQQ will never come up since they fill different roles in a portfolio.

Day Traders

There are some people who think that they can trade in and out of SCHB, QQQ, and other investments profitably. To those people, I’d say the research, evidence, and odds are stacked against you but good luck!

SCHB vs QQQ: Holdings & Exposures

SCHB and QQQ are not comparable because their underlying holdings are so different. An investor’s preference for SCHB or QQQ will depend on its role in the portfolio.

Both funds primarily hold stocks, but the composition and exposures of their holdings is very different. SCHB is a total market fund, which means that it owns companies of all sizes (although cap-weighted index funds such as SCHB are heavily weighted towards large-caps). QQQ is a large-cap fund that focuses on a narrow set of sectors. This sector concentration results in higher risk, which has resulted in much higher volatility and returns (relative to SCHB).

Given the above, I believe any investor can use SCHB as a core (or even only) portfolio holding. However, I would never recommend that for QQQ. At best, it could be a satellite or complementary position.

SCHB vs QQQ: Performance, Expenses, & Risk

I could compare SCHB and QQQ’s historical performance, expense ratios, tax-efficiency, and so on as many sites do. However, these details are only important points of comparison if the funds are comparable, so this post doesn’t include a bunch of meaningless data. Those who are still interested can check out ETF.com’s comparison tool.

Historical Performance

Since SCHB and QQQ have very different holdings and exposures, comparing historical performance is meaningless. One fund will outperform over certain time periods and the other will outperform over other time periods. I am not going to delve into a performance comparison and attribution, since we already know that the funds are very different. Readers who really want this information can check out tools like Morningstar.com.

Expenses

Again, any performance difference caused by the expense ratios of SCHB and QQQ will be dwarfed by larger differences like holdings, exposures, risk factors, etc. Expenses are very important when all else is equal, but SCHB and QQQ are not equal at all!

Risk & Volatility

The two funds are very different, but I will comment on risk and volatility since it informs my view on how these funds should be used.

QQQ is riskier than SCHB, measured by both realized volatility and drawdowns. This is because QQQ is more concentrated and less diversified. This is true both for realized volatility (see below) and maximum drawdowns. QQQ does not always underperform during market stress, but the lack of diversification leaves it vulnerable (such as the dot com crash when it lost over 80% of its value).

QQQ has persistently higher volatility than SCHB.

ETF Benefits

Both SCHB and QQQ are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which do have some advantages for investors.

Tax Efficiency

ETFs are typically more tax-efficient than mutual funds, due to their ability to avoid realizing capital gains through like-kind redemptions (a process that is beyond the scope of this post). Thus, these funds are about as tax-efficient as any fund can be and either fund is appropriate in taxable accounts.

Tradability

ETFs are free to trade on many platforms and investors should have no problem trading SCHB or QQQ, which are large and liquid.

Alternative Vehicles

Investors limited to mutual funds should have no problem finding a mutual fund version of SCHB or a mutual fund version of QQQ.

Investors planning to allocate more than $250,000 may consider direct indexing rather than an ETF or mutual fund, especially if they are in a high tax bracket. Any institutional direct indexer should be able to replicate SCHB or QQQ easily.

What Would I Do: SCHB or QQQ?

In my opinion, SCHB is an appropriate core holding for most portfolios, while QQQ is not. However, I think QQQ could potentially be a satellite holding for some investors.

ITOT vs QQQ: What Really Matters

ITOT and QQQ are two of the most popular ETFs in the market. Given their popularity, many people compare ITOT vs QQQ and/or ask which fund is a better investment.

My answer to these types of questions is that ITOT and QQQ are very different and not necessarily comparable. So rather than write a long post about similarities and differences between ITOT and QQQ, I’ll provide a framework for thinking about ITOT vs QQQ.

My goal here at ThoughtfulFinance.com is to educate investors and that sometimes includes not answering the exact question that was asked, reframing questions, or providing a different type of answer. As always though, a quick reminder that this site does NOT provide investment recommendations. Fund comparisons (such as this one) are not conducted to identify the “best” fund (since that will vary from investor to investor based on investor-specific factors).

Types of Investors

There are a few reasons that someone might want to know whether ITOT or QQQ is a better investment and I think it has a lot to do with who they are. Different types of investors have varying levels of knowledge, differing goals, and so on.

New Investors

Even though ITOT and QQQ are not necessarily comparable, individual investors may not necessarily understand that the funds are different or what differences really matter. New investors may want to just skip to the bottom of this post.

Average Investors

Some investors may understand that ITOT and QQQ are quite different, but may be interested in selecting the one that they believe will perform the best. My response to these investors is that portfolio construction should be based on a target asset allocation (based on risk tolerance, time horizon, liquidity needs, and so on). Once an allocation is selected, then investors can select the best vehicle for each slice of the portfolio allocation. If an investor decides on an asset allocation before selecting investments (as they should!), then the question of ITOT vs QQQ will never come up since they fill different roles in a portfolio.

Day Traders

There are some people who think that they can trade in and out of ITOT, QQQ, and other investments profitably. To those people, I’d say the research, evidence, and odds are stacked against you but good luck!

ITOT vs QQQ: Holdings & Exposures

ITOT and QQQ are not comparable because their underlying holdings are so different. An investor’s preference for ITOT or QQQ will depend on its role in the portfolio.

Both funds primarily hold stocks, but the composition and exposures of their holdings is very different. ITOT is a total market fund, which means that it owns companies of all sizes (although cap-weighted index funds such as ITOT are heavily weighted towards large-caps). QQQ is a large-cap fund that focuses on a narrow set of sectors. This sector concentration results in higher risk, which has resulted in much higher volatility and returns (relative to ITOT).

Given the above, I believe any investor can use ITOT as a core (or even only) portfolio holding. However, I would never recommend that for QQQ. At best, it could be a satellite or complementary position.

ITOT vs QQQ: Performance, Expenses, & Risk

I could compare ITOT and QQQ’s historical performance, expense ratios, tax-efficiency, and so on as many sites do. However, these details are only important points of comparison if the funds are comparable, so this post doesn’t include a bunch of meaningless data. Those who are still interested can check out ETF.com’s comparison tool.

Historical Performance

Since ITOT and QQQ have very different holdings and exposures, comparing historical performance is meaningless. One fund will outperform over certain time periods and the other will outperform over other time periods. I am not going to delve into a performance comparison and attribution, since we already know that the funds are very different. Readers who really want this information can check out tools like Morningstar.com.

Expenses

Again, any performance difference caused by the expense ratios of ITOT and QQQ will be dwarfed by larger differences like holdings, exposures, risk factors, etc. Expenses are very important when all else is equal, but ITOT and QQQ are not equal at all!

Risk & Volatility

The two funds are very different, but I will comment on risk and volatility since it informs my view on how these funds should be used.

QQQ is riskier than ITOT, measured by both realized volatility and drawdowns. This is because QQQ is more concentrated and less diversified. This is true both for realized volatility (see below) and maximum drawdowns. QQQ does not always underperform during market stress, but the lack of diversification leaves it vulnerable (such as the dot com crash when it lost over 80% of its value).

QQQ has persistently higher volatility than ITOT.

ETF Benefits

Both ITOT and QQQ are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which do have some advantages for investors.

Tax Efficiency

ETFs are typically more tax-efficient than mutual funds, due to their ability to avoid realizing capital gains through like-kind redemptions (a process that is beyond the scope of this post). Thus, these funds are about as tax-efficient as any fund can be and either fund is appropriate in taxable accounts.

Tradability

ETFs are free to trade on many platforms and investors should have no problem trading ITOT or QQQ, which are large and liquid.

Alternative Vehicles

Investors limited to mutual funds should have no problem finding a mutual fund version of ITOT or a mutual fund version of QQQ.

Investors planning to allocate more than $250,000 may consider direct indexing rather than an ETF or mutual fund, especially if they are in a high tax bracket. Any institutional direct indexer should be able to replicate ITOT or QQQ easily.

What Would I Do: ITOT or QQQ?

In my opinion, ITOT is an appropriate core holding for most portfolios, while QQQ is not. However, I think QQQ could potentially be a satellite holding for some investors.

VTI vs QQQ: An Expert’s Analysis

VTI and QQQ are two of the most popular ETFs in the market. Given their popularity, many people compare VTI vs QQQ and/or ask which fund is a better investment.

My answer to these types of questions is that VTI and QQQ are very different and not necessarily comparable. So rather than write a long post about similarities and differences between VTI and QQQ, I’ll provide a framework for thinking about VTI vs QQQ.

My goal here at ThoughtfulFinance.com is to educate investors and that sometimes includes not answering the exact question that was asked, reframing questions, or providing a different type of answer. As always though, a quick reminder that this site does NOT provide investment recommendations. Fund comparisons (such as this one) are not conducted to identify the “best” fund (since that will vary from investor to investor based on investor-specific factors).

Types of Investors

There are a few reasons that someone might want to know whether VTI or QQQ is a better investment and I think it has a lot to do with who they are. Different types of investors have varying levels of knowledge, differing goals, and so on.

New Investors

Even though VTI and QQQ are not necessarily comparable, individual investors may not necessarily understand that the funds are different or what differences really matter. New investors may want to just skip to the bottom of this post.

Average Investors

Some investors may understand that VTI and QQQ are quite different, but may be interested in selecting the one that they believe will perform the best. My response to these investors is that portfolio construction should be based on a target asset allocation (based on risk tolerance, time horizon, liquidity needs, and so on). Once an allocation is selected, then investors can select the best vehicle for each slice of the portfolio allocation. If an investor decides on an asset allocation before selecting investments (as they should!), then the question of VTI vs QQQ will never come up since they fill different roles in a portfolio.

Day Traders

There are some people who think that they can trade in and out of VTI, QQQ, and other investments profitably. To those people, I’d say the research, evidence, and odds are stacked against you but good luck!

VTI vs QQQ: Holdings & Exposures

VTI and QQQ are not comparable because their underlying holdings are so different. An investor’s preference for VTI or QQQ will depend on its role in the portfolio.

Both funds primarily hold stocks, but the composition and exposures of their holdings is very different. VTI is a total market fund, which means that it owns companies of all sizes (although cap-weighted index funds such as VTI are heavily weighted towards large-caps). QQQ is a large-cap fund that focuses on a narrow set of sectors. This sector concentration results in higher risk, which has resulted in much higher volatility and returns (relative to VTI). Interested readers can check out our review of VTI or our upcoming QQQ review.

Given the above, I believe any investor can use VTI as a core (or even only) portfolio holding. However, I would never recommend that for QQQ. At best, it could be a satellite or complementary position.

VTI vs QQQ: Performance, Expenses, & Risk

I could compare VTI and QQQ’s historical performance, expense ratios, tax-efficiency, and so on as many sites do. However, these details are only important points of comparison if the funds are comparable, so this post doesn’t include a bunch of meaningless data. Those who are still interested can check out ETF.com’s comparison tool.

Historical Performance

Since VTI and QQQ have very different holdings and exposures, comparing historical performance is meaningless. One fund will outperform over certain time periods and the other will outperform over other time periods. I am not going to delve into a performance comparison and attribution, since we already know that the funds are very different. Readers who really want this information can check out tools like Morningstar.com.

Expenses

Again, any performance difference caused by the expense ratios of VTI and QQQ will be dwarfed by larger differences like holdings, exposures, risk factors, etc. Expenses are very important when all else is equal, but VTI and QQQ are not equal at all!

Risk & Volatility

The two funds are very different, but I will comment on risk and volatility since it informs my view on how these funds should be used.

QQQ is riskier than VTI, measured by both realized volatility and drawdowns. This is because QQQ is more concentrated and less diversified. This is true both for realized volatility (see below) and maximum drawdowns. QQQ does not always underperform during market stress, but the lack of diversification leaves it vulnerable (such as the dot com crash when it lost over 80% of its value).

QQQ has persistently higher volatility than VTI.

ETF Benefits

Both VTI and QQQ are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which do have some advantages for investors.

Tax Efficiency

ETFs are typically more tax-efficient than mutual funds, due to their ability to avoid realizing capital gains through like-kind redemptions (a process that is beyond the scope of this post). Thus, these funds are about as tax-efficient as any fund can be and either fund is appropriate in taxable accounts.

Tradability

ETFs are free to trade on many platforms and investors should have no problem trading VTI or QQQ, which are large and liquid.

Alternative Vehicles

Investors limited to mutual funds should have no problem finding a mutual fund version of VTI or a mutual fund version of QQQ.

Investors planning to allocate more than $250,000 may consider direct indexing rather than an ETF or mutual fund, especially if they are in a high tax bracket. Any institutional direct indexer should be able to replicate VTI or QQQ easily.

What Would I Do: VTI or QQQ?

In my opinion, VTI is an appropriate core holding for most portfolios, while QQQ is not. However, I think QQQ could potentially be a satellite holding for some investors.

Venture Capital vs Growth Equity

Venture Capital vs Growth Equity

Venture capital and growth equity are two related asset classes that are sometimes difficult to distinguish from one another due to inconsistent definitions. Like many investment topics, different definitions are used by different people when comparing venture capital vs growth equity. I hope that the below can help investors as they think about how they want to differentiate between the two asset classes.

Simple Definitions of Venture Capital and Growth Equity

Venture capital focuses on early-stage companies that possess strong growth potential that may also carry heightened risks (due to the unproven nature of their products or services). Traditionally, venture capital firms take a minority stake in these startups and provide guidance to help them achieve success.

Growth equity typically refers to investments made in companies that are further along in their development with a proven business model and more stable revenues. Growth equity investments often facilitate accelerated growth through expanding operations, entering new markets, or consummating strategic acquisitions.

In short, both venture capital and growth equity represent investments into private companies, but at different stages of growth. Venture capital generally focuses on earlier-stage companies and growth equity generally focused on later-stage or mature companies.

Understanding Venture Capital and Growth Equity

Venture Capital

Venture capital (VC) generally refers to equity financing provided to early-stage, high-potential companies. VC firms have traditionally invested in startups at the beginning of their developmental stage (although many companies are staying private for longer and accepting venture funding at more mature stages), seeking to capitalize on their potential for high growth and profitability. It is important to note that VC investments carry a relatively higher risk compared to other investments.

Some key features of venture capital investments include:

  • High-risk, high-reward strategy
  • Focus on early-stage companies with high growth potential (early stage venture)
  • Involvement of the investor in company operations
  • Typically longer holding periods (5-10+ years)

Growth Equity

Growth equity typically targets companies that are beyond the early stages of their development but still have significant growth potential. The purpose of growth equity investments is often to accelerate the growth of the firms, such as helping them expand into new markets or support strategic acquisitions.

Compared to venture capital, growth equity investments have some unique characteristics:

Key Differences: Venture Capital vs Growth Equity

Investment Stages

Venture capital (VC) firms typically invest in early-stage companies, often during their startup phase, while growth equity focuses on later-stage companies that have established a product-market fit and are seeking additional funding to scale.

Risk Profiles

VC investments tend to be riskier, with a high failure rate, as they invest at the early stages of a company’s development. Growth equity investments are less risky, as companies are already established and generating revenue.

Control

VC firms often invest alongside other VC firms, while growth equity investors often invest alone. VC’s often exert some control over the company’s decision-making process in the form of financial leverage and/or board seats. Growth equity investors may exert more or less control depending on the terms, conditions, and size of investment.

Majority vs Minority Stake

VC investments often result in minority ownership stakes, with the firm holding a significant but non-controlling interest in the company. Growth equity investments can result in minority or majority ownership stakes, depending on the size of the investment and the investor’s objectives.

Investors

Venture capital firms are the primary investors in VC rounds, while growth equity investments can come from a variety of sources, including private equity firms, “crossover funds,” institutional investors, and strategic corporate investors.

Holding Period

Growth equity investments generally have a shorter holding period, compared to venture capital investments, which can span over 10 years due to the longer development process of early-stage companies.

Use of Proceeds

VC funds are often used for product development, initial marketing efforts, and team expansion. Growth equity investments are used for scaling the business, expanding operations, entering new markets, or completing strategic acquisitions.

Return Expectations

VC investments typically seek higher return potentials, as they compensate for the increased risk associated with early-stage investments. Growth equity investments, on the other hand, tend to have lower return expectations, reflecting their lower risk profile.

Pros & Cons: Venture Capital vs Growth Equity

Pros of Venture Capital

  • High growth potential: Venture capital firms typically invest in early-stage startups with innovative ideas and high growth potential, leading to significant returns if the company is successful.
  • Support and guidance: Venture capital firms often provide valuable industry connections, mentorship, and strategic advice to help startups navigate through the challenges of growing their business.
  • Funding for risky ventures: Startups with unproven business models and uncertain revenue streams may have difficulty obtaining funding from traditional sources, making venture capital an important source of funding for these companies.
  • Exit opportunities: Successful venture capital-backed startups may lead to lucrative exit opportunities through acquisitions or initial public offerings (IPOs), which can generate significant wealth for both founders and investors.

Cons of Venture Capital

  • Risky investments: Due to the nature of investing in startups, venture capital investments entail high risk, with a significant number of startups failing to realize their potential or even cease operations.
  • Loss of control: In exchange for funding, venture capital firms typically require equity stakes and may influence strategic decisions, leading to potential conflicts between founders and investors.
  • Pressure to grow: Venture capital-backed startups often face significant pressure to grow quickly and achieve high valuations, potentially leading to founders making unsustainable decisions or neglecting long-term goals.
  • Dilution of ownership: Raising funds through venture capital results in the dilution of ownership for existing shareholders, including founders and early employees.

Pros of Growth Equity

  • Lower risk profile: Growth equity investments usually target companies with a proven business model and established revenue streams, resulting in a lower risk profile compared to venture capital investments.
  • Accelerated expansion: Growth equity can provide the necessary funding for companies to scale up their operations, enter new markets or pursue strategic acquisitions, facilitating accelerated growth.
  • Longer investment horizon: Growth equity investments typically have a shorter holding period compared to venture capital, providing investors with a quick return of capital.

Cons of Growth Equity

  • Lower potential returns: Due to the lower risk profile of growth equity investments, the potential returns may be lower compared to the high-growth potential associated with successful venture capital investments. However, this downside may be mitigated by diversification.
  • Minority stakes: Growth equity investments often involve taking minority stakes in companies, potentially limiting the influence and control exerted by the investor.
  • Limited availability: Growth equity funding may be limited to companies that have achieved certain milestones in terms of revenue, profitability, or market presence, making it a less accessible source of funding for early-stage companies.

The Bottom Line

Both venture capital and growth equity play pivotal roles in supporting and fueling the growth of companies at different stages of their life cycles. Having a clear understanding of these two types of investments can provide valuable insights when comparing venture capital vs growth equity.

VC investments primarily focus on early-stage, pre-revenue companies with potential high growth. These companies typically have unproven business models and require a significant amount of risk capital to develop their products or services. Growth equity investments target more mature operating companies that have established end markets and are at an inflection point where the growth capital can fuel expansion.

It is important to note that these two forms of investments are not mutually exclusive. There is a fair amount of overlap between venture capital and growth equity. Venture capital and growth equity investments each have their specific characteristics, risks, and rewards. As investors navigate the ever-evolving landscape of private company financing, understanding and employing the appropriate investment strategy aligned with their objectives and risk tolerance is as important as ever.

Is Kroll Monitoring Legit

Is Kroll Monitoring Legit? A Review of Kroll Monitoring

Companies are hacked every day and every few months I receive a notification that my personal data has been compromised in a some company’s breach. These notifications often come with an offer for credit monitoring or protection.

The other day, I received a suspicious looking offer from Kroll Monitoring. There was no mention of a breach and although I have heard of Kroll, I didn’t know that they had a credit monitoring product. Phishing remains a serious threat these days, so I decided to do some research on Kroll.

Kroll Monitoring Is Legit

Fortunately, my research indicates that Kroll Monitoring is a legitimate company and Kroll Monitoring is a service frequently provided by companies to customers whose data has been exposed.

History

Kroll has a long and interesting history and has been in business for quite some time. Their services include notification and call center support, identity theft restoration and consultation, and credit and identity monitoring services provided to consumers on behalf of their clients. However, some people (including myself) have reported concerns about the company asking for sensitive information which has raised questions about the authenticity of the service. This is a common question about credit-related companies, such as TransUnion.

Features of Kroll Monitoring

Identity Theft Protection

Kroll Monitoring is similar to other competitors’ services. Their system monitors personal information, such as Social Security number, addresses, and financial accounts and alert customers of any suspicious activities or potential threats to their identity. This proactive approach allows consumers to take action quickly and protect themselves from potential harm.

Credit Monitoring

In addition to identity theft protection, Kroll Monitoring’s credit monitoring services offer additional protection. They monitor credit reports from all three major credit bureaus and inform consumers of any changes or inquiries made on accounts. This allows people to keep track of their credit health, spot any errors in their credit report, and get alerts when there’s a potential issue, such as fraudulent activity or unauthorized access.

Identity Restoration

In the unfortunate event that your identity is stolen or compromised, Kroll Monitoring offers access to their identity restoration services. Their team of experts works to guide victims through the process of recovering their identity. They provide assistance in contacting creditors, disputing fraudulent transactions, and providing legal guidance when necessary.

Financial Indemnity Insurance

Kroll Monitoring provides financial indemnity insurance as a part of their services. In the event that someone experience losses due to identity theft, they offer financial compensation up to a certain limit. This insurance eases some of the financial stress resulting from identity theft, and allows people to focus on restoring their credit and identity.

User Reviews and Testimonials

During my research on Kroll Monitoring, I came across varying opinions about the legitimacy of their services. Some users on the Better Business Bureau® website mentioned concerns about providing their Social Security number to Kroll Monitoring, expressing suspicion about their A+ rating claims.

While browsing Reddit, I found a post where a user received a letter from Lakeview Loan Servicing offering complimentary identity monitoring services from Kroll Monitoring. However, this user also hesitated to provide their Social Security number, which is a common concern (and one that I experienced).

Is Kroll Monitoring Legit?

In short, yes, Kroll Monitoring is legitimate. My own experience mirrors others in that I was not sure why they were contacting me or requesting personal information. If you receive something from Kroll, a company was likely hacked and your information was possibly compromised. Hacked companies (or their insurers) typically pay Kroll to reach out affected consumers and offer Kroll Monitoring. If you receive something from Kroll, I would double-check to ensure it is actually Kroll contacting you.

Kroll’s official website is krollmonitoring.com or enroll.krollmonitoring.com.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is Kroll Monitoring a scam?

Kroll Monitoring is not a scam. It is a legitimate credit monitoring service. However, double-check to ensure any communication is from Kroll and not a scammer posing as Kroll.

Is Kroll Monitoring safe?

Kroll Monitoring is a legitimate company, but providing one’s personal information to any company carries some risk. Credit monitoring services may help prevent and mitigate the risks of past data breaches, but these companies can be breached themselves (just look at Equifax).

What is Kroll Monitoring?

Kroll Monitoring is a identity theft and credit monitoring service. Companies that have experienced data breaches often offer Kroll Monitoring to those who have had their data exposed.

Is Kroll Monitoring free?

Kroll Monitoring is often offered for free to people who have had their data exposed in a data breach. The company who experienced the data breach typically pays for the service (or their cyber insurance provider pays for the service).

Is enroll.krollmonitoring.com legit?

Yes, enroll.krollmonitoring.com is a legitimate website and the official page to sign up for Kroll Monitoring services if your data has been exposed in a breach. Enroll.krollmonitoring.com is not a scam, so you can rest assured that the email or postal mail that you received is legitimate.

How To Monitor Your Credit & Protect Your Identity (For Free!)

While there are many paid tools and services out there to help consumers monitor their credit and identity, I have found that many of the features and benefits can be obtained for free. Read on to learn how to monitor your credit & protect your identity for free.

Credit Monitoring

annualcreditreport.com

The first (and perhaps best) free service is through annualcreditreport.com. After registering with the site, consumers can obtain one free credit report per year from each of the three major credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion). Checking one’s credit annually is good enough for most people most of the time.

However, there a couple of limited-time offers as a result of the massive Equifax breach. Since Equifax exposed millions of peoples’ data, it has agreed to provide up to six credit reports per year for anyone in the US. So, hypothetically, in any 12 month period, someone could get 8 reports (6 Equifax, 1 Experian, and 1 TransUnion).

Since the Equifax breach was so big, the three major credit reporting agencies have agreed to each provide weekly credit reports through the end of 2023. In my view, this is as good as any of the paid credit monitoring services out there.

Financial Institutions

One trend I’ve noticed is that many of the financial institutions that I work with offer varying degrees of credit monitoring. So if you have a bank account or credit card, check the firm’s website to see what they offer. Below are just a few examples:

Chase

Chase has a service called Credit Journey, which is powered by Experian. It is free to opt into and it provides the following:

  • Credit report
  • Identity Restoration
  • Credit Insider
  • Score simulator

Bank of America

Bank of America has an aptly named service called FICO Score, which is powered by TransUnion. This service primarily provides a credit score, but it does offer a free credit report through annualcreditreport.com and counts towards the one free report per 12 months from TransUnion.

Citi

Citi also offers FICO Score, but their version doesn’t say which credit reporting agency powers it and the free credit report offer is from Equifax.

American Express

American Express has a tool called My Credit Guide, which includes something called Vantage Score 3.0 which is powered by TransUnion. This tool provides credit score, some high level credit report details (like total credit available, number of accounts, length of credit history, etc) as well as score simulators, etc.

Separately, they have a service called FICO Score, which uses Experian data. This just shows an estimated credit score.

Free Dark Web Scan

Many paid services include dark web monitoring, although this can also be obtained for free. A quick google search indicates that Experian offers a one-time dark web scan for free. Its not ongoing, but it is helpful to check your data and resolve any issues you uncover. Additionally, dark web monitoring may be included in services that you already pay for. For instance, password managers (such as LastPass or Dashlane) include dark web monitoring. Many anti-virus and security services also include dark web monitoring for free. Why pay for things like dark web monitoring when its already included in something you already pay for?

Free Identity Theft Protection

Similar to the dark web scans, there are ways to get free identify theft protection from the credit reporting bureaus or from services that you already pay for. For example, TransUnion has a free service called TrueIdentity. Or if you pay for anti-virus or security software, it likely includes identity theft protection. Why pay for a dedicated service if the offering is already included in something that you pay for?

Paid vs Free

Many people prefer to pay for the above services, either because they do not know about the free options or they prefer the convenience of everything being in one place, a mobile app, etc. However, I believe it is important to know that you do not NEED a paid service and you can monitor your credit and protect your identity for free.

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